GoI
launched its first ever urban development scheme in 2005 named Jawaharlal
Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). It was the first massive scheme launched for redevelopment
of Indian cities and was extended till 2014. This was followed by the Smart
cities mission launched in 2015 by the Modi government. Here is
a list of basic differences between the 2 schemes.
SMART CITY MISSION
|
JNNURM
|
|
*SIGNIFICANCE
|
Urban
Renewal of cities using Smart Technologies
|
1st
massive scheme launched for redevelopment of Indian cities.
|
*TIME PERIOD
|
Launched in
2015
|
Period
:2005-2012 extended to 2014
|
*PROJECT APPROACH
|
*Area centric approach
*Major portion of the funding goes for a certain area development.
*Pan city initiatives gets less than 30% funding
|
*Project centric approach
*Various infrastructure projects for the city get funding.
|
*CITIES
BENEFITTING
|
100; Phase
wise funding
|
67
|
*CITY
SELECTION
|
Cities
compete to get selection
|
67 cities
selected based on the population.
|
*IMPLEMENTATION
MECHANISM
|
Special
Purpose vehicle (SPV)
|
Existing
machinery of the municipalities
|
*PROJECT
FOCUS
|
Smart
technologies
|
Basic
infrastructure
|
*CITIZEN
INVOLVEMENT
|
Large
citizen involvement - laid down transparent process for selection of cities, there
is incentive for involving citizens.
|
Selection,
approval, and implementation of projects did not involve citizens at
any stage.
|
*FINANCE
from CENTRAL GOV
|
480 Billion
|
Phase 1
allocation – 500 Billion
Phase 2 –
350 Billion
|
*PER CITY
ALLOCATION
|
Centre: 500
Crores, State: 250 Crores.
Rest needs
to be mobilized by the city.
|
Funding
varied according to city size.
a)A-Cities/UAs
with 4 million plus population as per 2001 census:
Centre 35%,
state 15% and ULB 50%.
b) B- Cities/UAs
with million plus but less than 4 million population: Centre 50%, state 20%,
state 30%.
c) C-Cities/towns/UAs
in North Eastern States and Jammu & Kashmir: Centre 90%, state 10%
|
Smart city mission
First the
moniker - ‘Mission Transform-Nation’ –
PM described Smart city mission as the Mission Transformation and is one of the most
ambitious project of the Modi government to make Indian cities world class smart cities. It had unveiled the first 20 cities on 29th Jan
2016. The selected cities had to form
SPVs before March 31st to receive the first stage of funding ie, Rs 200 crore. Deadline to start commencing the work is June
25, 2016 . Almost all the 20 cities have formed SPVs and are beginning to
initiate the works. The list of these Top 20 are given below:
Smart or Prodigal??
When we look at the proposals for these 20 cities, a large
number of them have chosen e-governance and intelligent city operations as their Pan city initiative. Its no surprise as
the mission document gives high emphasis on smartness and thereby smart
technologies. Every city has tried to, in fact, was indirectly forced to adopt some sort
of IT technologies in their proposals. For eg, with regard to Pune’s public
transportation, the most important requirement is the increase in fleet size of buses and better
routing; but what gets place in the smart city proposal is real time tracking
and monitoring, cctv, LED monitors ,vehicle health monitoring systems etc. For solid
waste management proposals, cities have introduced weight sensory bins, GPS monitoring
and tracking of vehicles etc (Jabalpur, Jaipur, Indore) and there is no mention
on how this waste is to be disposed off . Do Indian cities really
require weight sensor dust bins which costs around 3-4 lakhs per bin??
Same is the case for almost all proposals. By giving over
emphasis on smartness, central government is forcing the cities to adopt technologies which
are not even required in their cities and spend exorbitant money on them.
Cities are forcefully adopting these not to be left out from the funding and to
be included in the mission.
Inequal Money Allocation:
As mentioned earlier, the approach is area centric ie, emphasis is on development of an area to make
it smart . Hence out of the total project cost, almost all cities plan to spend more than
65% of their total project cost on one area in their city. For Pune, it is
Aundh-Baner-Balewadi which gets Rs 2196 Crores out of the total 2867 Crores ie, 76% of the total project cost. The present population of this
area is 40,000 (1.2 % PMC population).This is skewed development model and the
entire city has to pay taxes (service charges) for the development of one area which may not
be even beneficial for them.
In short, the mission aims at creating a small area in the city smart
rather than the entire city smart!
Inviting your suggestions and opinion on this development model..
Anu Kuncheria
anukuncheria@gmail.com
